Valve mechanism for internal-combustion engines



Feb, 6, 1923. 4,444,084

J, C. PERAZA. VALVE MEcHANusM FonA lNTERNAl. CoMausTloN Emsmxasy FlLED MAR. 24, 1921. 2 SHEETS-SHEET l Feb. 6, 1923.

J. C. PERAZA. VALVE MEcHANl sM FOR INTERNAL CoMBusTloN ENG|NEs.

FILED MAR. 24, 1921 JOSE CASTILLO PERAZA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

VALVE ll/IECHANISIVI FR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application led March 24, 1921. Serial No. 455,307.

10 all whom t may concer/c.'

Be it known that l, Josie Cas'rinno PERAZA,

a citizen of the Republic of Mexico, residing at and Whose pos't-oiiice address is 285 St. Nicholas Avenue, in the city oi New York, county and State olf New York, have invented vcertain nen7 and useful improvements in Valve Mechanism for Internal- Combustion Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a. lull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to malte and use the same.

The invention relates to valve mechanism lor internal combustion engines and hasor its object to 'provide a simple and eflicient arrangement of combined rotary and poppet valve :tor controlling the inlet and exhaust of the engine and to practically eliminate possibility of leakage past the valves during the compression and explosion strokes of the engine. The invention is applica-ble to either single cylinder or multi-cylinder engines, and in either event it is designed to materially reduce the number of parts and simplify the construction of the valve mechanism, and, in the case oi a multi-cylinder engine, to provide a. highly simplified construction of valve mechanism that may be quickly assembled and applied to the engine Without the necessity of delicate and careful adjustment of the valves and cams, required in the ordinary types of valve mechanism.

The invention is illustrated in the accoinpanying drawings, in Which:-

Fig. l is a vert-ical longitudinal section of the upper portion of a iour cylinder internal comlnistion engine having the improved valve mechanism applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section. on line 2-2 oi.

Fig. 8 is a corresponding section on line a-S of Fig, l;

Fig. l is a perspective view of the shaft which carries the rotary valves and the cams for operating the poppet valves;

Fig. 5 is a perspective vien7 `oi one of the cams;

Fig. 6 is a perspective viev7 of one of the rotary valves; and

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view of the various rotary valves shown in Fig.. l.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, l indicates thek main `casting of the engine, containing the cylinders I, Il, IH and FV,

in which the usual pistons reciprocate. Secured to the top of the cylinder casting is a casting 2, which serves as a housing for the valve mechanism and also contains the passages leading from the respective cylinders to the inlet and exhaust connections. Secured to the top ot the casting 2 is a third casting 3, which forms the top part of the housing for the rotary valves and also contains a loiigitudinal inlet passage or manifold 30 and an exhaust passage or manifold 3l, parallel and adjacent thereto, and separated from the inlet in anii'old by a relatively thin partition, .so that the contents of the inlet manifold will be heated to a relatively high temperature by the exhaust gases traversing the exhaust manifold. lt Will be understood that the three unitary castings are connected together by the usual form of gas-tight joints employed in mechanism of this character. Supported in the en ls of the castings 2 and 3 are suitable journal bearings 20 and 2l, in which is operatively supported a shait 6 provided With journals 7 and 10 near its ends, which engage the bearings 20 and 2l respectively, a collar 8 near one end of the shaft serving to take up the longitudinal thrust on the shaft. The main body of the shaft is substantially square in cross section and is provided at spaced intervals with transverse openings 14 disposed successively at angles of 90o, so that when the `lirst and third of the openings le are vertical, the second and fourth will be horizontal. This particular angular disposition of the slots or openings, however, is purely arbitrary and applies only to the specific sequence oi' operation of the cylinders, as illustrated in F l. lt Will be understood that if any other order or sequence oit opera-tion is desired, the arrangement ot the slots or openings 14; will be correspondingly modified.

lllounted longitudinally on the shalt 45 four valve bodies l5 which are substantially cylindrical in shape and lit closely Within the circular bore 1 formed between the cast ings 2 and 3, each of said valve bodies being provided with a longitudinal central open ing 1 6 accurately fitting the shaft 6, and a transverse port l? conforming to and adaptU ed to be brought into registry with a corresponding slot Vor opening 14- in the shaft. Mounted on the shaft and interposed between the valve bodies l5 is a series of double cams 18, preferably of the shape shown in Figs. 2 and 5, the central hub por- 'lOO tion of which is pierced with a squareopening to lit the sha-'ft 6. These cams are each designed to operate a reciprocating or poppet valve in proper timed relation to the operation of the corresponding rotary valve 15. ln the particular disposition of the apparatus shown, the several double cams 18 will be arranged with their longitudinal axes successively at right angles, the longitudinal axis ot each cam being substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis oli' the port or passage 17 of the adjacent rotary valve. 'Vhen the rotary valves 15 and the cams 18 are assembled on the shaft, they are locked against longitudinal movement thereon by a suitable set nut 9 engaging the screw threaded shoulder 9 on the shaft, adjacent tlie journal 10.

Properly timed rotary motion is imparted tothe shaft 6 by means of a gear 22 splined to the reduced end 7 of the shaft and locked thereon by means ot a. nut engaging the eX- treme outer threaded end 12 ot said shaft, said gear 22 being driven by a. bevelled pinion 23 on a shaft 2li, which latter is preterably driven from the crank shaft oit the engine. Y

The lcasting 3 is provided With inlet ports 32 and exhaust ports 33, communicating With the inlet manifold 30 and the exhaust manifold 31, opposite each of the rotary valves 15 and adapted to be brought successively into communication with the passage or port 17 in the corresponding rotary valve. The casting 2 is provided with ports 34 and 35 adjacent each rotary valve 15, which establish communication between the casing ot' the rotary valve and the corresponding cylinder by means of a. passage 36, of the form shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, so that, when the port 17 in a given rotary valve registers With the inlet port 32, communication will be established between the corresponding cylinder and the inlet manifold, and when the passage 17 and the rotary valve register with the port 85, the corresponding cylinder will be opened up to the exhaust.

rlhe lower end of each of the passages 36 terminates in a valve seat 87, which is cen-L trally disposed With respect to the bore of the corresponding cylinder` and cooperates with a poppet valve Il() carried by a stem lll, slidably vmounted in a guideivay -formed in the casting 2 and carrying on its upper endahead 43, in Which is mounted a bowl or roller 44, which cooperates With the corresponding cam 18, A, helical spring l2 surrounding tlie stein and confined by the hea-d 4and the bottom oftherecess in the,casting` serves to normally seat the valve 40. lt will be particularly noted that the actuating cam for each ot the valves l0 is in vertical alignment with the steniv of the corresponding valve,4so that the valve is actuated directly and positively by'its cani and VWithout thevi'n- Athe temperature of the mixture before the same enters the cylinder or cylinders of the engine. Each cylinder takes up the normal operation ot' a tour-cycle engine in turn, and both the rotary valve 15 and the poppet valve l0 ot each cylinder are operated at the proper times to eiiect the normal functioning o1 a tour-cycle engine. For example, assuming cylinder l to be at the beginning of the explosion cycle, the corresponding rotary valve 15 and poppet valve et() are both closed. Cylinder-No. llL is in the initial exhaust'stage, poppet valve 40 being opened by the cam 18 and rotary valve 15 being moved to position so that its port 17 establishes communication between the ports 35 and 33, which permits the products of combustion to pass by Way of the passage 36 directly into the exhaust manifoldv 31. Cylinder No. lll is in the compression stage, and both valves 15 and a() are closed. Cylin der No. IV is in the beginning of the suction cycle and valve 40 is held open by a cani 18 and the port of the rotary valve 17 has been turned to connect ports 32 and 3a which opens up the cylinder to the eXplosive charge, Which enters by Way of manifold 30, port 32, valve passage or port 17, port 34, passage 36, andpast open valve Ll0 into the cylinder.

inasmuch as valves 15 and Ll() are always closed at the same time, it Will be apparent that it will not be necessary to provide any special packing means for the rotary valve, although, under certain circumstances it may be desirable to provide ordinary packing to prevent possible leakage. It Will be understood that the poppet valve 4:0 in each cylinder constitutes the iii-st check to the loss ot compression or of pressure, and should it happen that one or more of the poppet valves proves leaky, the loss would be checked by the corresponding rotary valve, which effectively closes the passage 36.

lt ywill be particularly noted that the construction and arrangement of the valve mechanism is exceedingly simple, involves les* parts and is ot' such character vthat it may be lapplied and adjusted by ordinary vunskilled labor with the Kassurance that -the to replace any or all of these elements, a new set may be assembled on the shaft 6 by sliding the valves and cams on alternately, it being necessary only to observe that the ports or passages 17 in the several rotary valves are in alignment with the corresponding openings la in the shaft, and that the cam 18 corresponding to a given rotary valve is in proper position to open and close the co-operating poppet valve in consonance with the opening and closing of the associated rotary valve.

that I claim is:

l. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a port therein, a poppet valve coacting with said port, inlet and exhaust passages above said port, a rotary valve interposed between said port and passages adapted to establish communication 'between the cylinder and the inlet and exhaust passages alternately, and a cam on the axis of said valve directly engaging the stem of said poppet valve to open the latter concurrently with the opening of the inlet and exhaust passages by said rotary valve.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a head therefor having a ported passage therein, a poppet valve coacting with the port, a rotary valve in said head, inlet and exhaust passages in said head above the rotary valve adapted to be connected successively by said rotary valve with the ported passage aforesaid7 and a cam on the axis of said rotary valve directly engaging the stem of said poppet valve to open the latter concurrently with the opening of the inlet and exhaust passages by said rotary valve.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a head having a ported passage communicating with the cylinder, inlet and exhaust passages above said ported passage, a rotary valve having a single passage adapted to connect the ported passage with the inlet and exhaust passages alternately, a poppet valve cooperating with said ported passage to open and close the same, and a cam on the axis of said rotary valve directly engaging the stem of said poppet valve to open the latter concurrently with the opening of the inlet and exhaust passages by said rotary valve.

l. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a head having a ported passage communicatinqwith the cylincer, a rotary valve casing communicating with said ported passage, a rotary valve having a through passage in said casing, inlet and exhaust passages above and connected with said ported passage through the passage of the rotary valve, a poppet valve mounted in said head coacting with the ported passage aforesaid, and a cam on the axis of said rotary valve directly engaging the stem of said poppet valve to open the latter concurrently with the opening of the inlet and exhaust passages by said rotary valve.

5. A multiple cylinder internal combustion engine comprising a head having adjacent longitudinal supply and exhaust passages therein, a cylindrical valve chamber adjacent said passages and having ports connecting therewith, a shaft journalled longitudinally of said chamber, rotary valves for the respective cylinders mounted on said shaft, combined inlet and exhaust passages connecting the cylindrical valve chamber with the several cylinders, poppet valves controlling the connections of said combined passages with the cylinders, and cams on said shaft adjacent the rotary valves directly engaging the stems of the poppet valves to open the latter when the corresponding rotary valves open the corresponding inlet and exhaust ports.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising multiple cylinders, a head having inlet and exhaust passages and an adjacent longitudinal cylindrical bore therein, a Shaft journalled in said bore having a square intermediate section provided with transverse passages, cylindrical valves mounted on said shaft having through ports registering with the passages in said shaft, cams on said shaft adjacent said valves, a combined inlet and exhaust passage for each cylinder connecting with said longitudinal cylindrical bore, and a poppet valve cooperating with each combined passage and actuated by the corresponding cam.

7. A valve construction for internal combustion engines comprising a shaft having a square intermediate section provided with transverse passages, cylindrical valves each having a square opening engaging the square shaft section and a transverse through port registering with a transverse passage in said shaft, and means for locking the valves in proper relation on the shaft.

In testimony whereof I aflix my JQSE CASTLLO PER-AEA.

signature. 

